A new survey conducted by Epinion for DR reveals that only 35% of Danes believe in God, down from 45% in 2009. While Denmark remains predominantly Christian in cultural terms, traditional religious belief appears to be declining. However, this shift does not imply a loss of faith altogether.
According to Brian Arly Jacobsen, a sociologist of religion at the University of Copenhagen, the decline in belief in a personal, interventionist God marks a transformation rather than a disappearance of faith.
“People are moving away from classical dogmas and gravitating towards broader spiritual or religious worldviews,” he explained.
Spirituality beyond traditional religion
The survey suggests that 66% of Danes believe there is more between heaven and earth, indicating a widespread openness to spirituality even among non-believers. Forms of spiritual engagement range from interest in astrology to belief in life after death, with 26 percent expressing belief in an afterlife and 16% stating that astrology can offer personal insights.
These findings reflect a broader trend in which spirituality is decoupled from institutional religion, allowing Danes to explore personal beliefs without necessarily adhering to official doctrines. This evolution is also visible in popular initiatives like “baby hymn singing” and gospel choirs that attract both believers and secular participants.
Cultural Christianity and community practices
Despite not believing in God, many Danes continue to engage with the Church of Denmark (Folkekirken) in cultural or communal contexts. Anne Mikkelsen, a young mother attending a hymn session with her baby, described herself as a “cultural Christian” who values the atmosphere and traditions of the church, even if she does not share its theological tenets.
Gospel events like those organised by Praise København further illustrate this inclusive approach. “Gospel is a universal music genre. You don’t need to believe to enjoy it,” said organiser Harald Bramming. Attendee Andrea Hjort Nissen, who is not religious, described the events as joyful and energising, noting that they remain welcoming to people regardless of their beliefs.
Folkekirken adapts to a new spiritual landscape
Karen Marie Leth-Nissen, from the Church of Denmark’s Education and Knowledge Centre, noted that contemporary Danes often lack a shared language for discussing faith, as traditional Christian practices like reciting the Lord’s Prayer or morning hymns are no longer universally taught.
She acknowledged that outdated images of God as “an old man on a cloud” can alienate modern audiences. “That’s not the image the Church promotes,” she said. In response, Folkekirken has expanded its activities to include events like yoga services and spaghetti dinners, offering new ways to experience community and spirituality within the church.
The evolving relationship between Danes and religion seems less about rejection than redefinition. As Leth-Nissen put it, “People do not want others to define how they relate to God or faith.” The data suggest that while traditional belief is fading, spiritual curiosity and the search for meaning remain strong.
